National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Nanoparticles, first used by ancient Mesopotamian ceramic artists to decorate vases, are now essential ingredients in everything from sunscreen to powdered sugar donuts to cancer treatments. Measuring these sub-microscopic particles (which come in a range of sizes) is important for their most efficacious and safest use, but it presents a major challenge. After decades of debate, scientists think they agree on the best method.

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